Yorktown Class Aircraft Carrier - USS Yorktown (CV-5) was an aircraft carrier that served in the United States Navy during World War II. It was named after the Battle of York in 1781 and commissioned in 1937. The New York is the capital ship of the New York-class, and its design is based on lessons learned from the Lexington-class modified battleships and the smaller specialist battleship USS Ranger.
York was docked in Norfolk Harbor during the attack on Pearl Harbor and completed an Atlantic patrol. He sailed for San Diego in late December 1941 and was assigned as the flagship of Task Force 17. In early March 1942, he successfully attacked Japanese shipping off the east coast of New Guinea with the carrier USS Lexington. His planes sank or damaged several warships in support of the Tulagi invasion in early May. Yorktown rendezvoused with Lexington in the Coral Sea to stop an invasion of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. They sank the light aircraft carrier Shoho in the Battle of the Coral Sea on 7 May, but did not engage the Japanese capital carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku until the next day. Planes from Lexington and York inflicted heavy damage on Shokaku, but Japanese planes inflicted heavy damage on Lexington (which later dispersed) and damaged downtown York.
Yorktown Class Aircraft Carrier
Despite the loss, York City returned to Hawaii. Although it was estimated that it would take two weeks to repair the damage, York was at sea just 72 hours after landing in dry dock at Pearl Harbor, ready to meet the next Japanese. New York played a major role in the Battle of Midway in early June. New York's aircraft were instrumental in sinking two Japanese fleets. New York also received two Japanese air strikes on Midway that would otherwise have targeted USS Territory and Hornet.
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On June 4, in the Battle of Midway, Japanese planes destroyed York City. She lost all power and listed 23 degrees to port. The rescue work in New York was encouraging, with the USS Vireo towing it. On the afternoon of 6 June, the Japanese submarine I-168 launched a series of torpedoes, two of which sank the destroyer HMS Harman, which was providing support to the City of York, and the third sank the destroyer HMS Harman. As further salvage work was deemed hopeless, the remaining repairmen were dispersed from the sunken York on the morning of June 7th.
New York Bride was laid down on 21 May 1934 at Newport News, Virginia, and launched on 4 April 1936 by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company. , VA) under the command of Captain Ernest D. McWhorter.
In January 1938, the carrier trained as a carrier for the newly designated Air Group at Southern Training Area near Hampton Roads and Virginia Capes.
New York departed for the Caribbean on 8 January 1938 and arrived at Culebra, Puerto Rico on 13 January. Over the next month, the airline made adjustments and called Charlotte Amal in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, USA; Gonaves, Haiti; Cristobal in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and the Panama Canal Zone. On 1 March, York City departed Coron Bay in Cristobal for Hampton Roads, arriving on 6 March and entering Norfolk Naval Shipyard the following day for sea trials.
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After refit in the early fall of 1938, York City moved from the Naval Station to NS Norfolk on 17 October 1938 and shortly thereafter proceeded to the Southern Training Area for training.
In 1939, the York City operated along the East Coast from the Chesapeake Bay to Guantanamo Bay. Flagship of the 2nd Carrier Division, she joined her sister ship Terprise in February 1939 in her first war game, Fleet Problem XX. That's because the exercise calls for the fleet to control sea lanes in the Caribbean to prevent foreign invasions of Europe, while protecting vital U.S. interests in the Pacific. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, aboard the heavy cruiser USS Houston, witnessed part of the exercise.
Criticism of the operation indicated that the carrier operation - part of the annual maneuvers since Langley had attempted to participate in them in 1925 - had reached a new height. Despite New York's experience and surprise—newcomers to the fleet—both carriers contributed greatly to the problem. Planners looked to carriers and their air groups to employ a variety of shore-based attack measures against escort, anti-submarine defense, and surface ships and facilities. In short, they seek to develop tactics that can be used in real warfare.
After Fleet Issue XX, Yorktown briefly returned to Hampton Roads before departing for the Pacific on 20 April 1939. A week later, New York transited the Panama Canal and soon began routine operations with the Pacific Fleet. World War II began on September 1, 1939, but the United States was not yet involved. Departed from San Diego in 1940, the carrier participated in Fleet Problem XXI in April of that year. New York was one of six ships to receive the new RCA CXAM radar in 1940.
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At the same time, its signal bridge on top of the triangular building was fired, and several .50-caliber machine guns were installed in the corridor at the edge of the flight deck.
Fleet Issue 21 - The two-part exercise covered some of the actions that would characterize future warfare in the Pacific. The first part of the exercise is devoted to exercises in developing plans and estimates; leveling and scouting; coordination of combat units; Using fleet and standard configurations. The second phase consisted of fleet defense exercises, capture of advanced bases and finally a final match between the two fleets. Fleet Matters was the last pre-war exercise of the XXI and consisted of two (then smaller) exercises in which air warfare played a major role. Joint Fleet Air Exercise 114A prophetically indicated the need to coordinate land and naval defense plans in the Hawaiian Islands, and Fleet Exercise 114 saw the use of aircraft for high-altitude tracking of ground forces, which would play a full role for these aircraft. In the middle of the war ahead.
After Fleet Matters XXI ended and the fleet withdrew from the Hawaiian waters, Yorktown fought in the Pacific and Hawaiian waters off the US west coast until the following spring, when successful attacks by German U-boats on British Atlantic shipping prompted a diversion. In the United States Navy. Therefore, to strengthen the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, the Navy brought a large fleet from the Pacific, including Yorktown, the 3rd Division battleship (a New Mexico-class battleship), three light cruisers, and 12 destroyers.
USS Yorktown departed Pearl Harbor on April 20, 1941, escorted by the destroyers USS Warrington, USS Summers, and USS Jeuet; Heading southeast, she transited the Panama Canal on the night of 6-7 May, arriving at Bermuda on 5-12 April. From then until the American Armistice, Yorktown conducted four Atlantic patrols, covering a distance of 17,642 miles (28,392 km) from Newfoundland to Bermuda, while forcing the United States to remain neutral.
Yorktown Class Carrier
Although Adolf Hitler had banned submarines from attacking American ships, the men who manned the U.S. Navy were unaware of this policy and fought in the Atlantic during the war.
On 28 October, New York, while the battleship New Mexico and other US warships were covering the convoy, a destroyer spotted the submarine and dropped a depth charge, and the convoy itself switched to emergency aircraft, the first of three emergency changes. convoy. Later that afternoon, one of the cruisers, Imperial Pintail, underwent engine repairs, reducing the fleet to 11 knots (13 km/h).
During the night, American ships intercepted strong radio signals in Germany, indicating that nearby submarines might be reporting to the group. Rear Admiral H. Kt Hewitt, commanding the convoy, sent a destroyer to sweep the rear of the convoy to destroy or at least sink the U-boats.
The cruisers Yorktown and Savannah spent the next day refueling the escort destroyers while patrolling the cruisers for the evening. On 30 October, York was preparing to fuel three destroyers, and the other destroyers were in good company with them. The convoy then made 10 sharp turns as the destroyers USS Morris and USS Anderson dropped depth charges, and Hughes assisted in communications. Anderson later charged twice more, noting that "a lot of oil was spread out smoothly but without debris."
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With each passing day, the end of the war seems more real. Elsewhere on October 30, U-552 rammed the destroyer Reb James, sinking her and suffering heavy damage, the first loss of a U.S. warship in World War II. After another neutral patrol in November, the Yorkist entered Norfolk on 2 December.
On the morning of December 7, 1941, Japanese warplanes attacked the American base at Pearl Harbor.
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